Sunday, December 1, 2013

Classification of Causes of Respiratory Failure.
Mechanism Acute Chronic
Reduced ventilation 
  Restrictive    
    Neuromuscular diseases (failure of respiratory muscles) Tetanus, botulism, poliomyelitis, polyneuritis, spinal cord injury Muscular dystrophy, myasthenia gravis
    Chest wall diseases (failure of chest expansion) Pneumothorax, flail chest (trauma) Kyphoscoliosis, obesity, pleural effusion, mesothelioma, ankylosing spondylitis
    Lung diseases Radiation pneumonitis Interstitial fibrosis, sarcoidosis
  Obstructive Foreign bodies, epiglottitis, angioedema, diphtheria, bronchiolitis, bronchial asthma COPD,1 bronchiectasis
 
Abnormal perfusion  Pulmonary embolism, fat embolism Recurrent emboli, vasculitis
Impaired diffusion 
  Interstitial diseases Shock, interstitial pneumonitis Sarcoidosis, pneumoconiosis, interstitial pneumonitis, interstitial fibrosis
  Pulmonary edema Acute left ventricular failure, toxic gases, mitral stenosis Chronic left ventricular failure

1COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

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