Mechanism |
Acute |
Chronic |
Reduced
ventilation |
Restrictive |
|
|
Neuromuscular
diseases (failure of respiratory muscles) |
Tetanus, botulism,
poliomyelitis, polyneuritis, spinal cord injury |
Muscular dystrophy,
myasthenia gravis |
Chest wall diseases
(failure of chest expansion) |
Pneumothorax, flail chest
(trauma) |
Kyphoscoliosis, obesity,
pleural effusion, mesothelioma, ankylosing spondylitis |
Lung diseases |
Radiation
pneumonitis |
Interstitial fibrosis,
sarcoidosis |
Obstructive |
Foreign bodies,
epiglottitis, angioedema, diphtheria, bronchiolitis, bronchial asthma |
COPD,1
bronchiectasis |
Abnormal
perfusion |
Pulmonary embolism, fat
embolism |
Recurrent emboli,
vasculitis |
Impaired
diffusion |
Interstitial
diseases |
Shock, interstitial
pneumonitis |
Sarcoidosis,
pneumoconiosis, interstitial pneumonitis, interstitial fibrosis |
Pulmonary edema |
Acute left ventricular
failure, toxic gases, mitral stenosis |
Chronic left ventricular
failure |
|
No comments:
Post a Comment